| Abstract |
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Purpose: The present study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial spectrum of red piper betel leaf ethanol extract from Indonesia against Staphylococcus species as follows: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11784, S. xylosus ATCC 3342, S. warneri ATCC 3340, S. haemolyticus ATCC 3741, dan S. epidermidis ATCC 13228. Methods: The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the red piper betel leaf was performed using standard procedures. The antibacterial activity test was assessed using the agar diffusion method. The extracts were tested for determining minimum inhibitory concentration value (MIC) using macrodilution method. Results: Phytochemical screening results indicated that ethanol extracts of the red piper betel leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins and steroid. Based on its inhibitory diameter, the extract has a broadspectrum antibacterial of the entire species of Staphylococcus. The strongest antibacterial effect of the extract was against S. aureus and the weakest against S. xylosus. In a comparative analysis of the extracts with neomycin sulfate, indicated that neomycin sulfate demonstrated greater antibacterial activity than the extract at the same concentration. The results of the MIC value determination as follows: S. xylosus ATCC 3342 (2.25- 3.06% w/v); S. warneri ATCC 3340 (0,56-1.00% w/v); S. haemolyticus ATCC 3741 (0.25-0,56% w/v), S. epidermidis ATCC 13228 (0.25-0,56% w/v); and S. aureus ATCC 11784 (0.25-0,56% w/v). |
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